Kingdom of Atenveldt
Heraldic Submissions Page
(administered by the Brickbat Herald)
Unto Gabriel Lame Duck Laurel (probably Duck Comfit by this time); Andrewe Starry-Eyed Laurel; Lillia Pelican; Brunissende Wreath; and the commenting Members of the College of Arms, Greetings from Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy, Brickbat Herald and Parhelium Herald for the Kingdom of Atenveldt!
The Atenveldt College of Heralds requests the consideration and registration of the following names and armory with the College of Arms. Unless specifically stated, the submitter will accept any spelling and grammar corrections; all assistance is appreciated. Gabriel and his Host: Thank you all! It's been fun!
1. Atenveldt, Barony of: ORDER NAME, Order of the Root of the Barony of Atenveldt and BADGE RESUBMISSIONS,from Laurel, March 2007 Argent, two palm trees, trunks crossed in saltire, and in chief a stump gules.
The original name submission, Order of the Roots of the Barony of Atenveldt, was returned by Laurel: “This name does not follow documented patterns of period order names. The submission was documented as following the pattern "basing a name on Things". However, this pattern is very specifically names based on heraldic charges. While a tree eradicated has its root system showing, there are no examples of just a generic "root" in period heraldry, nor is there a unique period depiction thereof that can be used to justify the charge as following period patterns of heraldic charges. Without meeting one of these two criteria, such a heraldic charge cannot be registered. If a charge cannot be registered, its name cannot be used to justify an order name using the pattern heraldic charge.”
The badge submission, Gules, two palm trees eradicated, trunks crossed in saltire, argent rooted Or., was returned: “This badge is returned for lack of identifiability. The roots are detached from the palm trees, making them impossible to identify as roots. The palm trees do not resemble palm trees - the "leaves" are drawn incorrectly. While the barony has other armory with crossed palms, those trees do not resemble the trees in this submission; thus the style of the palm trees is not grandfathered to the barony.”
The
name of the Order is the most important. The
Exerpta historica, or Illustrations of English History,
published in 1831 and presented to Henry, Baron Brougham and Vaux,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
(https://archive.org/stream/excerptahistoric00bentuoft#page/n5/mode/2up),
includes a poem on the fate of the Duke of Suffolk, was commemorated
by Ritson, and includes the passing of the John Plantagenet, also
known as the Duke of Bedford and as John of Gaunt,the third son of
Henry IV; his badge was “the Root of a Tree, couped and
eradicated Or.” (this is in the footnotes). The poem
itself: An illumination in the Bedford hours (dated c. 1410-1430) that includes heraldic standards and a number of rather florid stumps with their attached root systemsas marginalia, along with John of Gaunt kneeling prominently in the picture, demonstrate the use of stumps, and stumps with their roots as armorial charges. (http://www.british-library.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/bedford_lg.html) It appears that John's armorial badge was a recognizable stump and root in period, and didn't depend on displaying an entire tree to consider it an heraldic charge, and that could be blazoned as a Rote. Earlier spellings are seen as rote (1390) and roote (1573). The client will not accept Major or Minor changes to the name.
The badge has been redrawn in the manner of the pair of palm trees recognized and registered to the Barony of Atenveldt. The unusual “roots” of the palm rees has been eliminated (palms themselves have odd, very non-heraldic root systems, more of a ball than a branchlike system). Instead, a simple stump is used in chief; the Barony uses this point to situate a number of charges used in its various badges.
2.
Aurora Rose Glasford:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The name is English. Double given names are permitted for late period English names, http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#AppendixA. Aurora was allowed as a grey-period English name per the October 2011 LoAR (for Aurora Swanhild's name submission): William Alexander used <Aurora> in the early part of the grey period as a name for his (presumably human) mistress, to whom his poems are addressed. You can see, for example, this in Google Books, Specimens of the British Poets: With Biographical and Critical Notices. Brittanica dates the Aurora sonnets to 1604. In the April 2013 LoAR for Aurora Katherine d'Hiver: “...The closely related name Aurora can be justified as a constructed English given name. There is a pattern in sixteenth century England of coining new given names derived from classical mythology, including the names of minor goddesses like Aurora. Eastern Crown found several equivalent names in the IGI Parish Records extracts, including Phoebe, Dione, Clymene, Selene, Maia, and Thalia." Rose is a feminine given name for Rose Adams, a christening name from 1586, C04697-2, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JQFS-VR8. Glasford is dated to 1599 for Elizabeth Glasford's christening date, Batch C00813-3, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NRB3-9Z9. Submitter desires a feminine name and will accept no major changes to the name.
3.
Caell Robertson:
NEW DEVICE CHANGE
The name was registered June 2013.
This doesn't appear to be an heraldic manticore, which has a man's head/face, often with three rows of teeth. This can be blazoned accurately as a bat-winged, scorpion-tailed lion salient gardant.
Basil
Dragonstrike did extensive detective work on this, citing manticores
and mantygers in SCA and real-world armory, and it can be found in
its entirety can be found at
https://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=100&loi=2793
. I concur with his conclusion:
The arms of Belgium: Sable, a lion rampant Or. There is definitely 1 DC for the addition of the wings, but whether the addition of a hefty scorpion tail is worth a second DC is debatable. The usual head orientations and rampant vs. salient usually do not contribute to difference. If there is a default SCA manticore that satisfies all the requirements of a <human head/face + wings + lion body + scorpion tail>, then this might be a complex winged lion, but still a lion, not a manticore.
If registered, his currently-registered device, Per pale argent and sable, a dolmen counterchanged., should be retained as a badge.
4.
Catharin Syl'vestrova:
NEW DEVICE
The name was registered June 2014.
5.
Cynthia de la Dale:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The
name is English. The client desires a female name and is most interested in the sound and the language/culture of the name (English).
Orle Herald comments: “We can document Spanish explorers in areas where there are specifically cottonwood trees on the Rio Grande. I did this the last time I saw this design. It just gives it a SFPP for a New World leaf.” These trees are also common in the Old World as poplars, with similar, rather diamond-shaped leaves, and could so be considered fine as an Old World
charge. (I suspect that the client leans toward the submitted
blazon, as she lives in Cottonwood, Arizona—no kidding!). It was suggested that the submission be reblazoned as Azure, four cottonwood leaves in cross bases to center around a mascle fracted in saltire, on a chief invected argent three fleurs-de-lys vert., sinee there was some thought that the mascle as drawn here is a secondary; if the client wishes this appearance, it will have to be blazoned as a secondary.
6.
Cynthia de la Dale:
NEW BADGE
There was a suggestion/note to the submitter that the mascle fracted be drawn larger and thicker.
7. Elizabeta de Wallachia: NEW NAME and DEVICE Sable, a daisy and on a chief double-arched argent three gouts gules.
Elizabeta is a Hungarian and a Romanian female given name, found in “Hungarian Feminine Names,” Walraven van Nijmegen, http://heraldry.sca.org/names/magfem2.html#thelist. Wallachia is the southern region of modern Romania, “the Land of the Walachs,” the indiginous people of the area. The Olt River divides Wallachia into Muntenia in the east and Oltenia in the west (http://romaniatourism.com/walachia.html). Basil Dragonstrike's research notes that “'Walachia' is the spelling used by the OED and the EB; it is the standard modern English name for the region. The OED has, for the etymology of 'Walachian': "<Walachia (in medieval Latin the country of the Walachs or Vlachs; in modern use with narrower application, one of the two principalities which united to form the kingdom of Rumania, and subsequently the People's Republic of Romania) + -an suffix," and that the first citation of any similar word is from 1603, spelled as"Valachians". The first spelling with a W is from 1718 (both sn Walachian). There's no way to find out if 'Walachia' per se is a period word. And, the MED is not coming up with anything.” The
preposition de can
mean “from, of, about,”
http://dictionare.com/phpdic/roen40.php?field0=de.
The
device was redrawn at Kingdom to enlarge the daisy and enhance its
appearance as a flower, and to render the gouts in a period manner
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2014/03/14-03lar.html#192;
the original gouts were drawn in the non-period, prohibited fashion.
The use of a chief double-arched is a Step from Period Practice. 8.
Geoffrey Frost:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The
name is English. Frost is an English surname found in "Names from 15th Century York," Karen Larsdatter, http://heraldry.sca.org/names/york15/. Submitter desires a masculine name, and spelling most important. The cotises, particularly the lower one, are inconsistent in thickness, though we think that no more than an artist's note is warranted.
9. Ginvilas Ašarų: NEW NAME The
name is Lithuanian. The client desires a male name and is most interested in the language/culture of the name. He will not take Major Changes.
10.
Grace Quinn:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
Grace is an English feminine vernacular form, 1346-1562 (and preceding this), in "Feminine Given Names in "A Dictionary of English Surnames: Grece," Talan Gwynek, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Grece. Quinne and Quine are English surnames dated 1275, Reaney and Wilson, 3rd edition, s.n. Quin, Quinn. Quine is also a Manx surname in 1504, Reaney and Wilson, 3rd edition, s.n. Quine, Quinn. The slight spelling difference seems to be acceptable, with the double -n- in the 1275 spelling (I found nothing for a dropped -e dated citation). Submitter
desires a feminine name a will accept any language or culture in
which Grace is a given name. The elderflower, with five petals, will conflict with roses and similar five-petaled blossoms. However, I believe that the blossoms should be blazoned as elderflowers to match the client's original submission, as she renders them with almost dart-like or arrow-like barbs, as are seen in a photo provided by Basil Dragonstrike: https://energycafe.wordpress.com/category/seasonal-recipes/ Basil also notes that the elder tree actually puts out what's called an inflorescence; what's depicted here is a single floret. As you'll note when you check the photo, the "barbs" are actually not between, but "above" the petals. In this submission, the artist has "flattened" the floret (visually speaking), which makes for a more heraldic look.
11.
Grace Quinn:
NEW BADGE
The elderflower, with five petals, will conflict with roses and similar five-petaled blossoms. However, I believe that the blossoms should be blazoned as elderflowers to match the client's original submission, as she renders them with almost dart-like or arrow-like barbs, as are seen in a photo provided by Basil Dragonstrike: https://energycafe.wordpress.com/category/seasonal-recipes/ Basil also notes that the elder tree actually puts out what's called an inflorescence; what's depicted here is a single floret. As you'll note when you check the photo, the "barbs" are actually not between, but "above" the petals. In this submission, the artist has "flattened" the floret (visually speaking), which makes for a more heraldic look.
12.
Kevin the Wayfarer:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
A wayfarer is a traveler, particularly one who goes by foot; this spelling can be dated to 1602, and earlier spellings date to c. 1440 (COED). It's very likely that the article the can and should be dropped, as there are no prohibitions on correcting the name.
The submission was redrawn at the kingdom level, as the original was colored with wax crayons.
13.
Lia le Citolur:
DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, June 2012
The name was registered June 2012.
The previous submission, Argent, a heart of woodvine vine vert flowered Or and a bordure wavy sable semy of semiminims Or., was returned for a redraw, "for using an unblazonable, unidentifiable vine. No evidence was provided, and none was found by commenters, that a "heart-shape" was a valid arrangement in period armory. Commenters also confused this vine with a laurel wreath, which is a restricted charge, due to the similar shape of the leaves. The flowers depicted on this vine were too small to be noticed. It is unlikely that any vine with similarly shaped leaves depicted in a circular arrangement would not be confused with a laurel wreath." We've tried to beef up the blossoms and contain them on the heart for the best contrast.
14. Lisle Knapp von Colmberg: NEW NAME CHANGE from Issobell de Lockford The current name was registered September 2001; when the new name is registered, this should be retained as an alternate. The
name was originally submitted as
Liesel Knapp von Colmberg. Liesel
has something of a history, documented from Academy of S. Gabriel
Report #2910. The report says: <Liesel> is a diminutive of
<Liese>, a pet form of <Elisabeth> [2]. We have not found
a period example of <Liesel> in any spelling or of <Liese>
in that specific spelling, but in our Arnsburg data the spelling
<Lyse> is well represented in the first half of the 14th
century and is found through the 15th century...None of the
commenters were able to provide evidence for either Liese or Liesel
in our period. Barring such evidence, these spellings are not
registerable. The information from the S. Gabriel Report suggests
that Lysel is a possible form of the name, though Lysele is more
likely." (The name in consideration at the time was registered
as Lysel.) Alternately, the client would consider Lisle,
a Swedish feminine given name dated to 1525, in "Swedish
Feminine Given Names from SMP," Aryanhwy merch Catmael,
http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/swedish/smp/.
15.
Madok ap Gryffydd:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The
name is Welsh. Both elements are masculine given Welsh names, found
in "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names,"
Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn,
http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html. 16.
Maria Iustinianus:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The name is Byzantine Greek. Maria is a feminine name found in "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries," Berret Chavez, http://heraldry.sca.org/names/byzantine/PLRE_fem_names.html#m. Iustinianus is a masculine given name found in the same source, http://heraldry.sca.org/names/byzantine/PLRE_masc_names.html#i. Construction on names of the period is found in "Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era," http://heraldry.sca.org/names/byzantine/structures.html#feminine_names. Single or married, a woman would have her father or husband's name appended to her own name, either of those feminized. It's likely that this is Maria Iustinianina, based on the chart at http://heraldry.sca.org/names/byzantine/feminizing.html (and Schwartzdrachen Herald). The submitter desires a feminine name, with no Major Changes to the name. The language and culture (Byzantine Greek) is most important.
17.
Meave Sinclair:
NEW NAME Sinclair is a header found in Black's Surnames of Scotland, with the spelling Sinclaire in 1598 and Syndklair in 1526. Maria Sinclair has a christening date of 1673 in England, Batch K03721-2, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JMNM-9WR. (= The client desires a feminine name, and meaning is most important to her.
18.
Rainulf Lion:
NEW NAME and NEW DEVICE
The
name is French. Rainulf
Dregnot, d. 1045, was a Norman mercenary who became the first Count
Aversia in Italy (The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily,
Gordon S. Brown,
http://books.google.com/books?id=c_Pft6RqfYIC&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=Rainulf+Dregnot&source=bl&ots=fd
kwqxcMHR&sig=8Jd_qVATHvSLliCjYEAdfgviIG0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3kH5U9org_qLAuLogfgE&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepa
ge&q=Rainulf%20Dregnot&f=false).
The Latin Rainulfus
appears in a charter found in The
Devonshire Domesday and geld inquest: Extensions, translations and
indices, Volume 1 at
p. 542 (http://books.google.com/books?id=3gEVAAAAQAAJ).
That puts the name to 1086. Rainulf
would be the expected vernacular form.
19.
Rhiane Goch:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The name is Welsh. Rhiane is said to be found in "Concerning the Names Rhiannon, Rhian, and the Like." Josh Mittleman and Heather Rose Jones, http://medievalscotland.org/problem/names/rhiannon.shtml, which is not a good place to document a period name, as the theme of these articles is to demonstrate that these names are largely not period. Furthermore, Rhiane itself is not found in the article. If anyone can help documenting this name, it would be appreciated. Coch is a personal byname for "red," found in "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names," Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html/, although it appears that the period form is Goch ones that appears in a medieval source. Scharzdrachen agrees that in a feminine name, Coch mutates to Goch. The client desires a feminine name, and the sound it most important. She requests authenticity for the Welsh language/culture, for the 12th C.
(The original name submission was Rhiane y' Coch. The Welsh definite article is y, not y', and with a descriptive byname like Coch, it isn't used in the name. In a feminine name, <Coch> mutates to <Goch>. Thank you, Schwarzdrachen!)
20. Sa'id al-Sabbah: NEW NAME and DEVICE Per bend argent and azure, a polypus sable and a pair of calipers sable.
The
name is Arabic. Sa’id
is a masculine 'ism/given name. al-Sabbah is a masculine cognomen
used as 'isms, including both laquabs and nisbas. Both element are
found in “Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices,”
Da'ud ibn Auda, http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm.
Sa'īd
(eliminating the diacriticals in the name for consistency) is a male
'ism found in “Arabic Names from al-Andalus: Masculine isms,”
Juliana de Luna
(http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/mascism.html). The client desires a male name and is most interested in the sound of the name. He will not accept Major changes to the name.
The emblazon was redrawn upon consulting with the client, to keep the tentacles a little more at bay (in base, rather than in chief) and the beast identifiable.
21. Sarah le Frith: NEW NAME and DEVICE Azure, a crescent argent and on a chief Or, three estoiles azure.
Sarah is the client's legal given name. I'm not certain if the byname is an acceptable abbreviation for a small town in Derbyshire, Chapel-en-le-Frith. Prism Pursuivant found documentation for Frith, del Frith and Frith Manor:
Alice Frith "England Births
and Christenings, 1538-1975," index, FamilySearch
(https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N8KJ-SJY
; Alice Frith, 1599; citing Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England,
reference - 2:2JR3JFD; FHL microfilm 1040438;
Needwood and Duffield Frith
manors: custumal 16th cent (D3287/59/25)
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/accessions/2004/04digests/manorial.htm
The byname is acceptable, but it's the article that's in question (unless a contraction or drop of some of the elements in the locative Chapel-en-le-Frith is possible).
22. Sitriuc Sionnach Liath: NAME and DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, May 2012 Per chevron Or and vert, two pommes each charged with a triskelion of armored legs Or and a winged sea-fox naiant argent.
The original submissions were returned for the following reasons: “Submitted as Sitriuc Liathsionnach, the element Liathsionnach was documented as a constructed descriptive byname meaning "gray-haired/aged fox". Although we have one example of color + animal name (in Eich Gil "[of] the White Horse"), we do not have evidence of a compound noun constructed from a color term like liath preceding the animal name. Without examples to justify such a construction, we cannot register this name. “The submitter allowed a change to Sitruic mac Sinaig Liath. However, we cannot make this change because we do not have evidence to support the pattern of a descriptive byname as part of a patronym. In addition, the patronym mac Sinaig Liath ("Sinaig [the] Gray-haired's son") combines the Middle Irish Sinaig and Early Modern Irish Liath in the same name phrase. This is not allowed under PN.1.B.1 of SENA, which requires that, "A registerable name phrase must follow the rules of grammar and structure for a single time and place. It may not mix languages unless that mixing of languages within a name phrase is attested as a period practice". “We would change the name to Sitriuc liath mac Sinach. ("Sitruic [the] gray-haired, Sinaig's son"), but this is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we are forced to return this name. “This device is returned for redraw, for violating SENA A2C2 which states "Elements must be drawn to be identifiable." Commenters were unable to reliably identify the winged sea-fox here; the wings are drawn too small, and the head is not sufficiently fox-like.”
The name is Irish Gaelic. Sitriuc is a Middle Irish Gaelic male given name, dated multiple times 917-1195 (“Index of Names in Irish Annals: Sitriucc / Sitriuc / Sitreac, Sitriuc,” Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Sitric.shtml). We still hope to construct an acceptable byname, based on in Eich Gil, “[of] the White Horse,” along with descriptive elements (gray-haired, fox), both which are found in “Index of Names in Irish Annals: Masculine Descriptive Bynames,” Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Alpha.shtml#L). Sionnach, “the fox,” is an Early Modern Gaelic male name dated examples running 1233 to 1500 (ibid., http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Sionnach.shtml), and it's also a common noun for “fox,” in Lexilogos, Irish Gaelic Dictionary, https://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en/ga/fox. The same source also gives “grey” as liath, https://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en/ga/grey. We think our greatest fault here, with having to adhere as closely to the rare Eich Gil, was to have used the formation <noun (an animal in this case) + adjective (color)>, such that the bynames “match,” hence sionnach laith (when the phrase “grey fox,” is entered, the <noun+adjective> completely follows the pattern). We aren't certain if an article is required with the byname (in, as in in Eich Gil, or na nGamhnach, “of the Milch Cows,” but I think the client will be fine adding it is necessary. (I still wonder if White Horse refers to an inn with a vanishingly rare name, or it's associated with a fellow with the biggest and bestest white horse in all or Ireland, or with a rather popular whiskey label that must go back centuries!) The client desires a male name. He is most interested in the language/culture of the name; he will not accept Major changes to the name.
The device has been redrawn, so that the monster is about as clearly a winged sea-fox as we can muster.
23. Sofia Elisabetta Dal Ponte: NEW NAME and DEVICE Per bend Or and vert, a shoe and a sword bendwise counterchanged.
The name is Italian/Venetian. Sofia and Elisabetta are feminine given names, found in "Late Period Italian Women's Names: Venice," Juliana de Luna, http://medievalscotland.org/jes/Nuns/Venice.shtml. Double given names are found in Italian (SENA: Appendix A: Patterns That Do Not Need Further Documentation by Language Group, Italian). Dal Ponte (a Signa) is a family name found in "Late Period Italian Women's Names: Florence," Juliana de Luna, http://medievalscotland.org/jes/Nuns/Florence.shtml. The client desires a feminine name and the sound is most important. She will not accept Major Changes.
24.
Zofia of Grodno:
NEW NAME and DEVICE
The name is Lithuanian. Zofia is found among other variations of the name in "16th and early 17th C. feminine names from Lithuanian records," Rebecca Lucas, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ffride/lithuanianwomenasmenv.html. (Her original choice of Zofią is in the accusative case, and personal names are only registered in the nominative case, without the ogonek. Thanks to ffride wlffsdotter (also known as Rebecca Lucas) for commentary on this.) The
Grodno
region lies in western Belarus and Grodno itself was one of the
oldest cities in historical Lithuania: it was first mentioned in the
Chronicles of 1128
(http://www.jewishgen.org/belarus/info_history_of_grodno.htm).
This is the lingua anglica
form of the byname, we find Latin <Grodna> in Braun and
Hogenberg's Civitates
Orbis Terrarum,
from 1575
(http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/belarus/grodno/grodno.html
and image 1). If Wikipedia is to be believed, then the modern English
form of the city name is <Grodno>
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grodno),,
and a more accurate/authentic might involve Grodna; I don't know how
the name as a whole might be constructed for authenticity. I was assisted in the preparation of this Letter of Intent by Alys Mackyntoich (Blue Tyger), Aria Gemina Mala, Aryanhwy merch Catmael (Schwarzdrachen), Basil Dragonstrike, ffride wlffsdotter (Goutte d'Eau), Gunnvor silfraharr (Orle), Matilda Wynter, Michel von Schiltach, Sorcha inghen Chon Mhara (Prism) and Tanaka Ujimori.
This letter contains 16 New Names, 1 New Name Change, 15 New Devices, 1 New Device Change and 2 New Badges. There are 1 Resubmitted Name, 1 Resubmitted Order Name, 2 Resubmitted Devices and 1 Resubmitted Badge. There are a total of 40 items submitted on this letter, 35 of them new.
Thank you to those who have provided your great indulgence and patience, your expertise and your willingness to share it thus far, and to those who will do the same as this is presented to the College entire.
Marta as tu
Mika-Mysliwy
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