Unto Olwynn Laurel; Aryanhwy Pelican; Istvan Wreath; and the commenting Members of the College of Arms,

Greetings from Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy, Parhelium Herald!

The Atenveldt College of Heralds requests the consideration and registration of the following names and armory with the College of Arms.

Please note: Unless specifically stated, the submitter will accept any spelling and grammar corrections; all assistance is appreciated.

1. Ascelin àlainn inghean Ailill: NEW NAME and DEVICE

Per fess azure and argent, a dragon segreant counterchanged.

Acelina is an early English feminine given name from the Old French A(s)celine. Aceline is dated to 1195 as Aslin, and 1195, 1205 and 1210 as Ascelina; this is found in "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames, Part Two: The Names A-G."

Talan Gwynek ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyAG.html ); that source shows Ascelin as masculine given name, which suggests that for this to be a feminine Gaelic name, the form Ascelina would have to be used. The client believes the name to be Scots, but I cannot find a citation this early (to match the father's name) that is Ascelina or a variant of that name.

The remainder of the name is Irish Gaelic. Ailill is an Irish masculine given name found in "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland," Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/irish100.html ), dated to roughly pre-12th C. The genitive form is listed as Ailella. Rohese notes that the latest citation of the name Ailill is from 973 from the Irish Annals ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Ailill.shtml ). Ó Corráin and Maguire (Irish Names, s.n. Ailill: Oilill) gives a latest date of 1032. However, it appears (from Ó Corráin and Maguire) that Ailill was a saint's name, so that would negate the weirdness for mixing an early patronymic with a late byname. The fully pre-1200 form would be ingen Ailella. The post-1200 form would likely be inghean Oilella (Ó Corráin and Maguire gives the post-1200 form of Ailill as Oilill, but it is not clear whether this is a modern form or not).

àlainn is Irish Gaelic for "beautiful," found in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Aelxander McBain, Garim Publications, 1982 ( http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/index.html, http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/mb01.html ). Rohese notes that the (masculine) byname Alann (the comely) is found in the Irish annals, but only from 1377 and 1491.

The construction of the name follows the patterns seen in "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names Formerly Published as "Quick and Easy Gaelic Bynames," 3rd Edition, Sharon Krossa ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/ ), using inghean to show the relationship between daughter and father and the placement of a descriptive element. Hence, "Beautiful Ascelin daughter of Ailill."

Asceline Alann inghean Oilella would probably be registerable, with one step from period practice for the difference in language between Ascelin and the Gaelic remainder of the name. Alann should be capitalized. Alainn is the genitive form. Or, Asceline ingen Ailella would be registerable as a pre-1200 form with a step from period practice for the difference in language between Ascelin and the Gaelic remainder of the name.

The client will accept Ascelina if Ascelin cannot be registered. Her consulting herald comments that The client is negotiable on spelling and nationality, as I recall, as long as the name is registerable and retains both alliterative "a" sound and meaning "beautiful dreamer." She is determined, however, on "Ascelin/Ascelina." The client desires a female name and is most interested in the meaning and the sound of the name, "beautiful dream/dreamer," a person of mixed Irish and Scottish ancestry. She would like the name to be authentic for an individual having a Scottish mother and an Irish father.

2. Cecilia Mowebray: NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) A mullet of four points per pale azure and argent.

The name was registered December 2005.

The badge uses elements of her registered device, Azure, two swans rousant respectant and in chief a mullet of four points argent.

(Mullet badge) This is clear of Eleanor Leonard: (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte. per blanket Permission to Conflict if field and/or mullet is not solid plain tincture recognized by Laurel 0201.

3. Cecilia Mowebray: NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) A swan's head contourny erased argent gorged of a torse vert.

The name was registered December 2005.

The badge uses elements of her registered device, Azure, two swans rousant respectant and in chief a mullet of four points argent.

(Mullet badge) Clear of Eleanor Leonard: (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte. per blanket Permission to Conflict if field and/or mullet is not solid plain tincture recognized by Laurel 0201.

There is a very old precedent stating that a torse can be of one color: A torse can be of one color only. (KFW, 10 Mar 78 [18], p. 5)

The vast majority of torses are oriented to appear as an annulet. However, it appears that a fairly recent registration does have a torse "in profile," Sarkanyi Gero (registered in November of 2006 (via the West): (Fieldless) A dexter seraph's wing gules, covered Or, lined vert, edged azure, and a sinister dragon's wing gules, edged and ribbed Or, both issuant from a torse wreathed Or and azure.

4. Eoghan of the Breton March: NEW NAME and DEVICE

Gyronny arrondi of six Or and sable, in each Or gyron a wyvern displayed gules.

Éogan is a masculine Irish Gaelic name found in "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland," Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvry ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/irish100.html ); this paper is a collection of pre-Norman, roughly pre-1200 names. Ó Corráin and Maguire note that there are at least three Irish saints who bear the name Eógan (Irish Names, pp. 87-88, s.n. Eógan: Eoghan, Eoan). A note on the name submission paperwork states that Eoghan is dated to 967, but no documentation or citation was included to support this. Breton March is a locative byname. The Breton March is mentioned by Einhard in his Vita Karoli Magni (Life of Charlemagne), a Latin work, written c. 830-833 ( http://original.britannica.com/eb/topic-340175/Life-of-Charlemagn ). An online article about the Song of Roland notes that in Einhard's Vita, he refers to Roland as "Lord of the Breton Marches" ( http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/roland/about.html ). The Breton March existed from 861 to 911, one of the Marches of Neustria established by Charles the Bald in 861, according to Wikipedia, ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_of_Neustria ), so the elements of the name are temporally compatible.

The client wishes to use the Lingua Anglica allowance to render his byname, originally in Latin in Einhard, into English. Unfortunately, while Einhard wrote in Latin, he merely Latinized the names of characters and places from their original forms, so the Allowance isn't just translating Latin into English. The language mix in this name must be either Gaelic and Frankish; or Gaelic and the late Latin then spoken in what was left of Gaul; or Gaelic and Breton.

Gaelic and Frankish is not registerable, nor is Gaelic and Vulgar Latin (precursor to Old French): "In the 6th C, people in the area that is now France were speaking Frankish and a kind of vulgar Latin that evolved to become Old French. Old French appeared in the 9th C and evolved for some time after that. The ruling allowing names combining Gaelic and French to be registered, but carry a weirdness, was based on the significant contact between Anglo-Normans who settled in Ireland beginning in the late 12th C. The Normans who invaded England in the 11th C spoke a form of Old French. Their descendants who settled in Ireland also spoke some form of this language. Therefore, we have support for significant contact between speakers of Gaelic and Old French (or a variant thereof). However, no evidence was found of significant contact between speakers of Gaelic and either Frankish or the vulgar Latin precursor of Old French. Lacking such evidence, a name combining these languages is not registerable. As we were unable to find a way to combine these name elements in a registerable manner, we must return this name. [Faílenn de la Maurienne, 02/2004, R-Ansteorra]"

Gaelic and Old French is registerable with a weirdness, and Old French did arise in the 9th C., but as Gaelic contact with the Normans post-dates the end of the use of the name "of the Breton March" as a locative by at least two centuries, this could not logically be the source of the lingual mix in this name.

There has never been a ruling on combining Gaelic and Breton, but, like Cornish and Welsh, Breton is a P-Celtic language, whereas Gaelic is a Q-Celtic language. And Gaelic/Welsh and Gaelic/Cornish have also been ruled as unregisterable: "This name mixes Welsh and Gaelic; such combinations are unregisterable. [Saige inghean Ghiolla Phádraig - Atlantia Returns, January 2005 LoAR]" and "This name combines a Cornish given name (or in this case a Latin version of a Cornish name) and an Irish Gaelic byname, but no documentation was submitted and none supplied by the commenters to suggest substantial contact between Cornish and Irish Gaelic speakers in period. Barring such documentation, combinations of these languages is not registerable. [Wyllow MacMuireadhaigh - Ansteorra Returns, April 2006 LoAR]" (Thanks to Rohese de Dinan for providing this information.)

The client desires a male name and is most interested in the meaning as spelled of the name. He will not accept major changes to the name.

5. Galen McKintoch: DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, January 2008

Sable, a bend abased Or charged with a bendlet vert, in sinister chief a wing terminating in a hand sustaining a sword bendwise argent.

The name was registered November 2007.

The original submission, Sable, a bend abased Or fimbriated vert, in sinister chief a wing bendwise inverted terminating in a hand sustaining a sword bendwise argent., was returned for administrative reasons: the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon received by Laurel. The vert portion on either side of the bend differed significantly in width between the two emblazons. On resubmission we recommend drawing the wing smaller so that the bend need not be abased. The Rules for Submission section VIII.3 states that "Voiding and fimbriation may only be used with simple geometric charges placed in the center of the design." Prior rulings have disallowed fimbriation of bends abased or enhanced. We leave open the question of whether or not a bend fimbriated can be blazoned as on a bend a bendlet in order to register the same design. If this is resubmitted with a bend abased, the submitter should be prepared to argue why a bend abased charged with a bendlet should be allowed.

"If the submitter wishes a wing and sword in this arrangement (more or less), he would do better to forego the wing terminating in a hand. That arrangement almost invariably has the wing in its normal posture, with the sword fesswise reversed above it. Putting that motif bendwise inverted, as in this submission, makes it harder to identify. A better choice would be issuant from a sinister wing a hand sustaining a sword bendwise: a displayed sinister wing, with a hand coming out of the lower end to hold the sword. See the August 2005 Cover Letter for examples and further explanation."

The client has chosen to use one of the clearer, standard "wing and hand" motifs that are illustrated in the August 2005 Cover Letter. The primary charge, rather than being fimbriated, is now charged with a bendlet (the bendlet being one-third the total width of the bend, so it should be apparent that the Or elements make up the underlying bend and are not really fat fimbriations. The armory of Ann Busshenell of Tylehurst, Gules, three bendlets abased argent each charged with a bendlet azure in sinister chief an hourglass argent charged with a needle sable., registered in March 2002, suffered from the same issues of ordinaries abased and fimbriated; she redesigned her armory to use ordinaries abased and charged (her bendlets also 1/3 the width of the bends – pretty tricky with three bendlets to start with), and the resubmission was registered without comment.

6. Kára inghean Dhubhshith: NEW NAME and DEVICE

Per fess embattled sable and argent, a sword bendwise sinister inverted and a dragon sejant erect contourny counterchanged.

Kára is an Old Norse feminine name found in Geirr Bassi, p. 12.

MacDhubhshith is a Scottish Gaelic family name found in Black, p. 493 s.n. MACFEE. Aryanhwy (in her previous incarnation as Albion) noted that the Gaelic forms in Black, unless explicitly dated, are modern and not registerable; any assistance in determining a period form of the patronymic would be very much appreciated. As this is a name for a woman, the feminine particle should be used, hence inghean (or a form of that).

The combination of Norse (Old Norse) and Gaelic is one step from period practice.

The client is interested in a female name, and a mixed cultural name with elements from Scotland (of the Gaelic variety) and Norse. She is most interested in the meaning of the name, particularly the byname (which Black notes as coming from Dubh-sidh, "black fairy," from the tradition that the family has been familiar with the fairies in their fairy flights and secret migrations).

7. Malinda Angelanne Hohen van Kester: NEW BADGE

Per fess embattled azure and argent, a heart gules, in chief a sprig of three strawberry leaves argent.

The name was registered July 2007.

The client is using elements of her registered device, Per fess embattled azure and argent, a heart gules. She is a Duchess of Atenveldt; receiving the accolade 4 July 1981.

According to the list of reserved charges, the item reserved for the use of Dukes and Duchesses is a coronet with strawberry leaves, not a sprig of strawberry leaves itself.

8. Mateo Dominguez: NEW NAME

The name is Spanish.

Mateo is a masculine given name found in "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century," Juliana de Luna

( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/isabella/MensGivenAlpha.html ).

Dominguez is a patronymic surname also found on the same site ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/isabella/patronymic.html ).

The client desires a male name and is most interested in the language/culture of the name (none given, but I'm guessing Spanish).

9. Sara Blackthorne: NEW NAME CHANGE from Sara Rebecka Chadburn and NEW DEVICE
Argent, on a heart gules a key fesswise reversed wards to base Or and in chief a staff fesswise sable entwined by a vine vert thorned sable.

Her current name was registered January 2008.

She is changing her name so to match the registered name of her husband, William Griffin Blackthorne, registered March 1989. For the byname, "Early examples include <de Blackthorn> 1276, <Blakethorn> 1379, <Blakthorn> 1442 [3]. The word appears as <blacke-thorn> in 1496, <blacke thorne> in 1578, and <blacke-thorne> in 1634...(When written as a single word, the name is unlikely to have retained the <-e> at the end of <blacke>.)" ( http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/2746.txt ).

The client desires a female name. She wishes to retain her currently-registered name Sara Rebecka Chadburn, as an alternate name.

She is using an element from the registered armory of her husband, William Griffin Blackthorne, Gules, a griffin's head contourny couped on a chief argent a staff entwined with a leafless vine thorned sable.

10. Sorcha Broussard: NEW NAME and DEVICE

Per fess azure and argent, on a fess Or between two escallops argent and a manta ray sable a rose gules.

Sorcha is a feminine Irish Gaelic name dated to 1480, 1500, 1530 and 1639 in "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Sorcha," Mari Elspeth nic Bryan ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Sorcha.shtml ).

Broussard is found as a French family name in Dictionnaire etymologique de noms du famille et prenoms de France, Morlet, s.n. Brousse.

The client desires a female name and in most interested in the language/culture of the name (Irish-French); a name with Irish Gaelic and French elements is one step from period practice. She will not accept major changes to the name.

The client is aware of the "Rule of 8" count being exceeded here (five tinctures, four charge types) and will resubmit this with the ray azure if this is returned for that reason.

Another form of a "ray" found in period Heraldry is a "skate," which looks similar to the manta ray. The manta ray is distinguished from the skate by the existence of two "horns" on its head. While it is possible that the use of a manta ray instead of a skate might be considered a step from period practice, using a manta ray in the past has been done without that stricture:

"Blazoned on the LoI as a skate, the primary charge is instead a manta ray, which is distinguished by its two "horns". We have no explicit period citations for the manta ray, but it lives in waters frequented by the Spanish in period; we are giving it the benefit of the doubt here.

"If the submitters would prefer to resubmit with a genuine skate (as their order name would suggest), they could do no better than to copy the depiction of a skate in the Macclesfield Psalter, c.1330, as seen at http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/gallery/macclesfield/gallery.html."

[Tir-y-Don, Barony of. Award name Order of the Skate and badge. (Fieldless) A manta ray tergiant sable maintaining in its tail a sheaf of arrows fesswise Or., http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2005/11/05-11lar.html ]"

11. Stefan der Jäger von Ansbach: NEW NAME and NEW DEVICE

Paly bendy-sinister argent and azure, on a bend sinister wavy vert between two edelweiss blossoms Or three fish argent.

The name is German.

Stefan is a masculine given name found in "Late Period German Masculine Given Names: Names from 15th Century Plauen," Talan Gwynek ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/germmasc.html ), dated 1401-1450 in that source.

Jäger is an occupational byname meaning "hunter" ( Landsheidt's German-English English-German Dictionary, Pocket Books, NY, 1973). The Saint Gabriel report #2436 ( www.s-gabriel.org/2436 ) says: "<Jaeger> or <Jäger> "hunter" is a spelling generally found later than your period. The more typical spelling in the 14th century is <Jeger>; we find that form recorded in Bohemia 1411 and in other parts of southern Germany in the late 13th and 14th centuries [4, 5]. However, we have also found an example of <Jäger> in Baden in southwestern Germany in 1280, and <Jaägermeister> in Austria in 1365 [6]." (The citation sounds a little odd because it is another client, not Stefan, who was asking for this spelling for a specific time period – this shows the byname Jäger with as a plausible spelling.)

Ansbach is a city in Bavaria, founded in 748; it was first referred to as Ansbach (from the original Onolzbach) in 1221 ( http://www.answers.com/topic/ansbach and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansbach ). Ansbach is mentioned in records as far back as the days before Charlemagne ruled. The first settler, Onold by name, established himself in the Rezat Valley approximately 700 A.D. About 748 A.D. the Franconian nobleman, Gumbertus founded a Benedictine monastery here. He was later canonized. In due course, the monastery was made into a chapter house, around which a village grew until it was mentioned as a town in the year 1221 A.D. In the 14th century, the Hohenzollern Burggraves from Nuernberg took possession of Ansbach. Since then, the fate of the town was linked to the Hohenzollern dynasty for almost 500 years. The importance of the settlement rose in the 15th century when the Hohenzollern created Electors and Margraves of Brandenburg. Ansbach became the permanent residence of the Franconian Hohenzollerns. Magnificent jousts were seen during the reign of Albrecht Achilles (1400-1486). ( http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/ansbach.htm )

12. Tabitha Whitewolf : NEW NAME and DEVICE

Gules, a wolf queue-forchy rampant argent between three four-leaf clovers Or.

The name is English.

Tabitha is a header in Withycombe; the entry says this is the Aramaic equivalent of Dorcas. "Both names appear in Acts IX for the charitable woman who was raised up by St. Peter. Tabitha, like Dorcas, was common in the 17th century..." It is dated to 1584 in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Names in Chesham, 1538-1600/1" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham / ). Tabitha is also listed in "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names," Talan Gwynek, http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16alpha.html ). Tabitha is also the client's legal given name.

She has written permission from her legal father-in-law John F. Scott, who has the registered SCA name of Johnathan Crusadene Whitewolf, to use the byname Whitewolf. The construction of the byname is not dissimilar from English bynames that combine <color> + <artifact, animal>, or a period inn-sign that combines a color descriptive with an animal (Grayhorse, Grayhound, Whitehorse, Whitelamb, all found in "English Sign Names," Mari Elspeth nic Bryan ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/inn/ )).

The client desires a female name and will not accept Major changes to the name.

This is clear of Johnathan Crusadene Whitewolf: Gules, ermined argent, a wolf rampant argent., as there is one CD for changes to the field and 1 CD for adding the secondary charges; Torgils Gudmundsson Silferulf: Per saltire azure and sable, a wolf rampant brandishing a sword between three mullets argent, as there is one CD for the field and 1 CD for the type of secondary charges; and Kai Qwythwolf: Quarterly azure and sable, a wolf rampant reguardant between three Maltese crosses argent, as there is one CD for the field and 1 CD for the type of secondary charges.

13. Vincenzo Antonio Maria Pace: NEW NAME and DEVICE
Argent, two rapiers crossed in saltire sable surmounted by a rose purpure and on a chief azure five mullets argent.

The name is Italian.

Vincenzo and Antonio are masculine given names found in "Italian Renaissance Men's Names," Ferrante LaVolpe ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/ ); Pace is a patronymic, found in the same source. The original source of these names is the Online Catasto of 1427 ( http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/overview.html ).

Maria is a feminine given name found in "Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427," Arval Benicoeur ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/ ). Examples of men bearing the element Maria in their names include St. Antonio Maria Zaccaria, who was born in 1502 in Cremona, Italy ( http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01588a.htm ); and from LE GRATIE D'AMORE DI CESARE DE NEGRI MILANESE DETTO IL TROMBONE, MAESTRO DI BALLARE. [1602/1604] (Main page url: http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/negri/ ), from the transcription: Gio. Maria Genovese detto il Coralliero, Antonio Maria Mantico, Il signor Francesco Maria Bava ( http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/negri/transcription/0006.clean.html ).

Several names with the construction of <masculine given name> + <masculine given name> + <masculine byname> are found in "15th Century Italian Men's Names," Talan Gwynek ( http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/italian15m.html ) and in "Milanese Notaries 1396-1635, " Maridonna Benvunti ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/milaneseNotaries/ ).

Recent Precendent states that: "Three given names is registerable in Italian, but is a weirdness: While registerable, the use of three given names in Italian is not typical in period. To date, only one example has been found. The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered in February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three give names registerable, though a weirdness. Catherine de' Medici was born in 1519, so the example we have for three given names is 16th century. [Novella Francesca Caterina Zancani, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir]" Giuseppe Giordano Maria Falcionieri was registered by the CoA without comment March 2001. Petruccio Alfonso Maria Cuccieri de Cataluña (a Spanish name) was registered September 1991, with commentary only concerning correction of the locative. Not only do these masculine names contain the element Maria, but they are also contain three given names. There are a couple of seemingly masculine mens' names containing "Maria" (one Italian, one Spanish, I think) registered in the late 1980s.

The client desires a masculine name and is most interested in the language/culture of the name (Italian). If absolutely, positively necessary, the client would allow "Maria" to be dropped in order to register the name.

14. Walrick de Blakeney: NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) A mullet of four points per pale sable and argent.

The name was registered December 2005.

The badge uses elements of his registered device, Per pale sable and argent, a tower and an orle of mullets of four points counterchanged.

Considering Robert of Holliston: Per pale argent and sable, a mullet of eight points pierced counterchanged., there is 1 CD for removing the field, a 1 CD for change of type from mullet of four to mullet of eight, and a CD for flipping the tinctures of the mullet. This is clear of Eleanor Leonard: (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte., per blanket Permission to Conflict if field and/or mullet is not solid plain tincture recognized by Laurel 0201.

15. Walrick de Blakeney: NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) A tower per pale sable and argent.

The name was registered December 2005.

The badge uses elements of his registered device, Per pale sable and argent, a tower and an orle of mullets of four points counterchanged.

Considering Michel d'Avignon: Per pale sable and argent, a two-towered castle counterchanged., there 1 CD for fieldlessness and 1 CD for flipping the tinctures.

16. Walrick de Blakeney : NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) In pale a demi-sun Or conjoined to a tower per pale sable and argent.

The name was registered December 2005.

Considering Michel d'Avignon: Per pale sable and argent, a two-towered castle counterchanged., there is a single CD for fieldless and a CD for flipping the tinctures. There was some discussion that although the demisun might be considered a maintained charge, it significantly alters the outline of the tower. The armory of Caterina Amiranda della Quercia: (Fieldless) In pale a demi-dragon contourny sable issuant from a tankard reversed argent., was registered without comment, suggesting that the demi-dragon is considered of equal visual weight to the tankard and that they are co-primaries rather than a maintained charge.

Considering Elisabeth Johanna von Flossenburg: (Fieldless) On a tower per pale sable and argent a fleur-de-lys counterchanged., there is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for removing the tertiary charge.

I was assisted in the preparation of this Letter by commentary provided by Helena de Argentoune, Magdalen Venturosa, Maridonna Benvenuti., Rohese de Dinan and Stefania Krakowska.

This letter contains 8 new names, 1 new name change, 8 new devices, 6 new badges, and 1 device resubmission. This is a total of 24 items, 23 of them new. A check to cover fees will be sent separately.

Thank you again for your great indulgence and patience, your expertise and your willingness to share it.

I remain,

Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy

c/o Linda Miku

2527 East 3rd Street; Tucson AZ 85716

atensubmissions.nexiliscom.com

brickbat@nexiliscom.com

Commonly-Cited References

Black, George F. The Surnames of Scotland.

Medieval Names Archive. http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/

Ó Corráin, Donnchadh and Fidelma Maguire. Irish Names.

Reaney, P.H. and R. M. Wilson. A Dictionary of English Surnames, 2^nd Edition, 1976, reprinted 1979.

Withycombe, E.G., The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd Edition. London, Oxford University Press, 1977.