Unto Their Royal Majesties Edward and Asa; Elzbieta , Aten Principal Herald; the Heralds in the Atenveldt College of Heralds; and to All Whom These Presents Come,

Greetings from Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy, Parhelium Herald!

This is the December 2007/January 2008 Atenveldt Letter of Presentation. It precedes the external Letter of Intent that will contain the following submissions that are presented here, asking questions of submitters and local heralds who have worked with them; if these questions are not addressed, the submission may be returned by the Atenveldt College of Heralds. I accept online commentary, in addition to questions pertaining to heraldry and consultation. The last day for commentary on the submissions considered for the January 2008 Letter of Intent is 25 January 2008

Submissions Website: You can send electronic commentary on the most recent internal LoIs through the site, in addition to any questions you might have. Current submission forms (the ONLY forms that can be used) can be found on the site. Please let your local populace know about the site, too: atensubmissions.nexiliscom.com.

Letters of Acceptance and Returns: Atenveldt submissions appearing in the April 2007 and May 2007 Letters of Intent have been acted upon by the College of Arms and the results are found in the August and September 2007 LoARs. Those Atenveldt-pertinent portions of the LoARs appear at the end of this report.

Please consider the following submissions for the JANUARY 2008 Atenveldt Letter of Intent:

Catyln O’Sullivan (Twin Moons): NEW DEVICE and BADGE

Per bend vert and argent, a sheaf of three arrows and a horse passant counterchanged.

(Fieldless) A horse passant vert charged upon the shoulder with a sheaf of three arrows argent.

The name was registered June 2004.

I don’t this is a tragic flaw, but the horse’s tail would probably be best if drawn clear of the body and the left hind leg.

Elizabeth ingen Iames (Twin Moons): NEW NAME and DEVICE

Azure, a chevron inverted argent charged with three dragonflies palewise gules and in chief a wolf passant argent.

Elizabeth is a feminine given name dated to 1467 in “A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records, Part Three: Post-1400 Names,”

Talan Gwynek ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/scottishfem/scottishfemlate.html ). Iames is found as a masculine given name in “13th & 14th Century Scottish Names, The Given Names,” Symon Freser of Lovat ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14/scottish14_given.html ). ingen means “daughter of” and is found in “Quick and Easy Gaelic Names,” Sharon Krossa ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/ ). Unfortunately, the name, while appearing to be a solid Scots name, doesn’t seem to be a Scots Gaelic name. The client desires a female name and is most interesting in the spelling, such that the patronymic is Iames, not James.

$#&*$#@ THE DEVICE BLANK ON THE SUBMISSION FORM IS TOO SMALL! This submission will be returned at Laurel if it is sent up for consideration (and for this reason alone). Please check for conflicts, but Moonbeam Pursuivant, I will need replacement forms in order to include this in the January 2008 Letter of Intent. The shield must end up at least 5 inches wide and 6 inches tall.

Heile Kozak (Twin Moons): NEW NAME and DEVICE

Or, a butterfly azure within an orle vert.

Heile is a German (Silesian) diminutive of Heilwig, which is the German form of the Polish feminine name Jadwiga; it is dated to 1383 in “Medieval German Given Names from Silesia: Women’s Names,” Talan Gwynek ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/bahlowFem.html ). Kozak is a Polish surname dated to 1522 for Montusz Kozak, in Herbarz Rodzin Tatrskich W Polsce, Stanislaw Dziadulewicz, Wilno, 1929. Silesia is part of modern Poland and changed hands between Poland and Germany several times in period and supported large Polsish and German-speaking populations. The client desires a female name and is most interested in the sound and spelling of the name; she specifically wishes to keep the spelling of Heile unchanged.

AGAIN...THE DEVICE BLANK ON THE SUBMISSION FORM IS TOO SMALL! This submission will be returned at Laurel if it is sent up for consideration (and for this reason alone). Please check for conflicts, but Moonbeam Pursuivant, I will need replacement forms in order to include this in the January 2008 Letter of Intent.

Mitshide Shinjirō (Barony of Atenveldt): NEW NAME and DEVICE

Gules, on a fess wavy sable fimbriated five roundels in annulo argent.

The name is Japanese. Mitshide is a family dating at last to 1582; Akechi Mitshide is cited as having killed Oda Nobunaga, a late-period busho/general, in June 1582 ( http://www.samurai-archives.com/trans.html , under Oda Nobunaga). “An Online Japanese Miscellany: Japanese Names,” by Edward Effingham shows the components of the second element as reasonable for the construction of a zokumyô, a name that was taken upon the genpuku (coming of age) ceremony, and was the one by which men were commonly known to their close friends and family members; it generally reflected the individual’s birth order in the family, and often was compounded with an auspicious adjective. Here, shin-, “new,” is combined with -jirō, “second son,” to create the zokumyô “new second son” ( http://www.sengokudaimyo.com/miscellany/names.html ).

The clients is most interested in the language/culture of the name (Japanese) and wishes it authentic for Japanese. He wishes a male name.

Raven Mayne (Sundragon): NEW JOINT BADGE with Tvoislava Michelovna

Per pall inverted gules, sable and argent, in pale a decrescent argent and a gout de sang.

Raven’s name was registered in January 2002 and Tvoislava’s in October 2002.

The following submissions appear in the December 2007 Atenveldt Letter of Intent:

This month’s commentary is provided by Aryanhwy merch Catmael [AmC], Ástríðr Þorgeirsdottir [AÞ], Katherine Throckmorton [KT], Maridonna Benvenuti [MB] and Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy [MMM].

Ainder ingen Demmáin (Tir Ysgithr): DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, July 2007

Per fess embattled sable and azure, a recorder bendwise sinister Or and three crescents argent.

The name was registered July 2006.

The original device with the identical blazon was returned “as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel: the recorder in the OSCAR emblazon was centered in the sable portion of the field. In addition, the recorder shown in OSCAR is argent, that on the forms is Or. We note that this will happen when a yellow highlighter is used for Or as the highlighter often does not scan... On resubmission, please advise the submitter to center the recorder on the sable portion of the field. We note that a fesswise recorder would better fill the available space.” There was a mistake made on the forms, and the recorder was mistakenly NOT colored Or. All problems cited have been addressed. The client prefers having the recorder set bendwise sinister.

Arianna Marie della Luna (Barony of Atenveldt): NEW NAME, DEVICE, and BADGE

Argent vêtu ployé sable, a turtle gules charged with a decrescent argent.

(Fieldless) A turtle gules charged with a decrescent argent.

Marie is the French version of Italian Maria. If she wants an Italian name then she should use Maria. Otherwise there would be one SFPP with an Italian-French mix. [MB] Marie is the client’s legal middle name (photocopy of residence card accompanies the submission), and she’d like the two to match. [MMM]

Cassandra la Schrevein (Sundragon): DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, July 2007

Per pale nebuly purpure and argent, two papyrus plants counterchanged.

The name was registered July 2007.

The original device submission, Purpure, a papyrus plant and a bordure nebuly argent., was returned for conflict with the device for Ygraine o Gaerllion Fawr, Purpure, a bouquet of three daffodils slipped, the centermost affronty and the outermost addorsed, Or within a bordure nebuly argent., with a CD for the tincture of the plants but, as emblazoned, not for the type of plant. If this had not been returned for conflict, it would have been returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the form sent to Laurel: neither the depiction of the nebuly nor the plant match. It appears that the plant may have started out the same and been stretched for the OSCAR emblazon; the changes to the bordure are more significant. The redesign clears the conflict, and the emblazon on the submission forms now matches the OSCAR emblazon.

Cian O’Cuilin (Twin Moons): NEW NAME

Regarding MacLysaght, I can do no better than to quote the July 2007 Cover Letter: "A submission this month raised the issue of the quality of documentation available from MacLysaght, Irish Surnames. This book is about modern names and provides modern forms of both Gaelic and Anglicized spellings. At one time, this book was the best reference we had for Irish names, but this is no longer the case. Because MacLysaght provides few if any dates, and because the forms given in this work are explicitly modern, it is no longer acceptable as sole documentation for Irish names." [KT]

Faelan O’Phelan (Twin Moons): NEW NAME and DEVICE: Per bend sinister argent and sable, a mullet and a Maltese cross counterchanged.

Regarding MacLysaght, I can do no better than to quote the July 2007 Cover Letter: "A submission this month raised the issue of the quality of documentation available from MacLysaght, Irish Surnames. This book is about modern names and provides modern forms of both Gaelic and Anglicized spellings. At one time, this book was the best reference we had for Irish names, but this is no longer the case. Because MacLysaght provides few if any dates, and because the forms given in this work are explicitly modern, it is no longer acceptable as sole documentation for Irish names." [KT]

No conflicts found with the arms, surprisingly. [AmC]

Very striking device! [AÞ]

Isabeau Vize (Tir Ysgithr): DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, July 2007: Per bend sinister purpure and vert, a bend sinister engrailed Or.

The name was registered July 2007.

The original submission with the identical blazon was returned “as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the form sent to Laurel. The engrailings in the emblazon on OSCAR are a good example of what engrailing should look like; unfortunately, the engrailings on the form do not match those in OSCAR.” Everything matches now.

Kolbj{o,}rn bjarki (Sundragon): DEVICE RESUBMISSION Laurel, July 2007: Argent, a bear passant gules between three drinking horns azure.

The name was registered July 2007.

The original submission with the identical blazon was returned “as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the form sent to Laurel: the charges all appear to have been redrawn”. This problem has been resolved.

Kolfinna of Bergen (Atenveldt Highlands): DEVICE RESUBMISSION Laurel, August 2007: Purpure, three horses passant in annulo widdershins and a bordure argent.

The name was registered August 2007

This original device, Purpure, three horses passant conjoined in annulo and a bordure argent., was returned as the emblazon in OSCAR did not match the emblazon sent to Laurel; the bordure is significantly wider in OSCAR. It was noted that “The LoI noted ‘The same orientation of the horses is seen in the armory of Lí Ban ingen Echtigeirn, registered in October 2000, Argent, three horses passant in annulo sable.’ This is not the case; the orientation of the horses is different and, more importantly, Lí Ban's horses are not conjoined as are the horses in the submitted emblazon.” The emblazon on the submission forms now matches the emblazon appearing as the OSCAR emblazon. Additionally, the horses are set so that their legs are not conjoined.

Marceau de Valcourt (Twin Moons): NEW HOUSEHOLD NAME, “Chateau Marceau,” and NEW HOUSEHOLD BADGE

Or a rapier bendwise sinister within a bordure purpure.

I do not think that the grammatically incorrect form will be registerable. Looking at past LoARs, it appears that when the given name of a person is used, the only form that has ever been registered is "Chateau du Name". I would suggest changing this to the documented and registerable form, which would leave the meaning unchanged, and follow the clients request for authenticity. Unfortunately, adding "du" would be a major change, which the submitter does not allow. I recommend returning the name so that the grammar can be fixed. [KT] I have contacted the client; he is willing to accept major changes to the name, to allow for grammar corrections, if they are needed. [MMM]

Nadezhda Belogorskaia (Brymstone College): NEW NAME

The name is Russian. Nadezhda is a feminine given name dated to 1238 and found in “A Dictionary of Period Russian Names

(and some of their Slavic roots),” Paul Wickenden of Thanet ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/paul/ ). Belogorskaia is a locative byname, derived from Belogorskoi, dated to 1583 and found in “Locative Bynames in Medieval Russia,” Lord Paul Wickenden of Thanet (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/toprus.html ) as Ivan Pavlov syn Belogorskoi; the same individual is referenced in Paul’s Dictionary. This article notes that -skaia is the feminine adjectival suffix, hence “(woman) from the white hill.” There is more than 300 years between the elements, but the author only gives the earliest citation for a name, so we hope that this is a reasonable extrapolation. The client wishes a female name and is most interested in the language/culture of the name (Russian).

Seán Glenny (Twin Moons): NEW NAME and DEVICE: Argent, three martlets gules, on a chief sable a claymore bendwise sinister inverted proper.

Since Glenny is the submitters legal name, this name will be registerable. However, I doubt that it is authentic for 13th century Ireland. Black has "Gleny" dated to 1398 in Aberdeen, although this would appear to be a Scots, rather than a Gaelic name. The submitter might be interested in the byname "an Gleanna", which means "of the glen" from Mairi's "Index to Names in Irish Annals" [KT] I tried to contact the client via email and received no response; I’m sending this up “as is” so as not to delay the processing of the device submission. [MMM]

Thomas de l’Espee (Sundragon): DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, July 2007: Per pale argent and azure, in fess a fleur-de-lys between two rapiers inverted counterchanged.

The original submission with the identical blazon was returned “as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the form sent to Laurel: the charges all appear to have been redrawn”. This problem has been resolved.

Vésteinn Þorkelsson (Brymstone): NEW NAME

The name is Old Norse/Icelandic. Both elements are found in “Viking Names found in the Landnámabók,” Aryanhwy merch Catmael

( http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/landnamabok.html ). According to the same author’s “A Simple Guide to Creating Old Norse Names” (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/sg-viking.html ), the patronymic is formed by dropping the terminal -l and adding -sson. The client desires a male name, is most interested in the language/culture of the name (Icelandic/Old Norse), and would accept changes to make the name authentic for Icelandic language and/or culture.

The following submissions are returned for further work by the Atenveldt College of Heralds, December 2007:

Cian O’Cuilin: NEW DEVICE: Quarterly argent and gules, in bend two goutes and in bend sinister two skulls, all counterchanged.

Changing one of the quarters to having strewn charges instead of just one would not clear the problem with marshalling; it would then marshal "Argent goutty de sang" with "Gules, a skull argent". Changing this to "per saltire" would fix the problem. [AmC]

I agree with the concern regarding marshalling, a complex line of division or as you pointed out, rotating to saltire, would address this concern. I really like the idea of Quarterly argent goutty de sang and gules... but it would still appear to be marshalled arms. Perhaps Argent goutty de Sang, a skull gules? [AÞ]

Device RETURNED for the appearance of marshalled arms.

Gawin Nortmann (Twin Moons): BADGE RESUBMISSION from Kingdom, November 2007: Gyronny arrondi gules and argent, a pellet.

As Brickbat notes, this still conflicts with Muiredach. [AmC]

This does conflict with: Japan: Gyronny of thirty-two gules and argent, a torteau. Important non-SCA flag. Naval Ensign. There is one CD for the charge's color. [AÞ]

Badge RETURNED for conflict.

Jaden Armon (Granite Mountain): NEW DEVICE: Per bend sinister gules and sable, a bee statant proper and a glaive bendwise sinister argent.

I think the bee is visible enough on the gules background. [AÞ]

Device HELD until name submission received.

Marceau de Valcourt: NEW HOUSEHOLD NAME, “Grand Alliance of the Last Mirthful People” and NEW BADGE

Sable, two Middle Eastern dancers combatant argent supporting a bowl of flames, all within a bordure of Middle Eastern drums Or.

The drums should be reblazoned as dumbeks, as devices with dumbeks have been registered as 2005, and there are many types of drums used in the Middle East. That said, I'm not sure that these are identifiable as dumbeks, given the lack of internal detailing, these look like as much like cups as they do drums. In addition, the dancers appear to be vested as *modern* Middle Eastern dancers, and, since we register the period form of a charge, I'm not optimistic about these dancers being registerable as drawn. I'd strongly suggest returning this for a redraw. [KT]

As for the household name, we have long required evidence that not only must the individual pieces of the name be registerable, but that the name as a whole be registerable. Since the submitter has not done this, nor has anyone been able to find evidence that the name follows any period pattern, this name should be returned for further work. [KT]

This is quite a long name for a household. I like the badge - very fitting. [AÞ]

Name and badge RETURNED for name reconsideration and redrawing.

Seamus O’Callan (Granite Mountain): NEW DEVICE: Per pale vert and Or, a vol and in chief a tricune, all counterchanged.

Device HELD until name submission received.

The following Atenveldt submissions were registered by the S.C.A. College of Arms, August 2007:

Adaliza Fitz Symmons. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Adalize Fitz Symmons, the spelling Adalize is a Latin form in an inflected case, most likely dative, but possibly genitive. We only register given names in the nominative case; in this case, the expected form is Adaliza. We have changed the name to Adaliza Fitz Symmons to correct the grammar.

Calandra Raleigh. Name and device. Argent, on a pile between two roses vert in pale, a rose argent and a lark Or.

This name mixes Italian and English; this is one step from period practice. The question was raised whether the name Calandro, of which Calandra is a feminization, was ever used by humans. David Herlihy's article, "Florentine Renaissance Resources:Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte), lists 10 examples of the name Calandro.

Elena Stavraki. Device. Or, an ankh and a chief enarched azure.

Gwenllyan verch Wilkin. Device. Vert ermined, a domestic cat statant guardant and on a chief embattled Or three crosses formy vert.

Please ask the submitter to draw the embattlements deeper.

Henry Erwaker. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Henry Erricker, Erricker is an undated secondary header form in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Earwaker. For an undated header form in this work to be registerable, it must be shown to be consistent with period spellings. None of the dated forms in this entry, nor any forms in Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Earwaker, show any period spellings that do not include the "w". The closest dated form we found to the submitted spelling was in Reaney and Wilson: Edmundus Erwak'. The apostrophe is almost certainly a scribal abbreviation for "-er". We have changed the name to Henry Erwaker in order to register it.

Imma Kaillewey. Device. Per pale indented gules and purpure, a needle bendwise sinister and a bordure argent.

Isibel sverðaspillir. Badge. (Fieldless) A raven displayed within and conjoined to an annulet azure.

The use of a bird displayed, other than an eagle, is a step from period practice.

Iuliana Muñoz Maldonado de Castile. Device. Gules, a catfish tergiant urinant and a bordure wavy Or.

The use of a fish tergiant is a step from period practice.

John Read. Name.

This name does not conflict with the journalist John Reed (1887-1920). The name is a common period name and none of the commenters felt the

journalist was important enough to protect.

Kazimer Valentov. Name and device. Per chevron inverted sable and azure, in chief a tree blasted and eradicated argent.

The name appearing on the external LoI is different from the one on the internal LoI, but no mention of this change was made on the external LoI. In this case, the change was made on the request of the submitter. Submission heralds, please note, you must note these changes with the information on the LoI; this gives the College of Arms the chance to evaluate the name in light of its full history.

This device is clear of Ioseph of Locksley, Vert, a tree eradicated argent, and of the badge for the Middle Kingdom's Order of the Silver Oak, Purpure, an oak tree blasted eradicated argent, fructed Or. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field. Kazimer's tree lies solely on the sable portion of the field; thus it is definitely in chief. Therefore, in each case, there is a second CD for the placement of the tree.

Keneric Ollwyttir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Cyneric Ollwydtir, there are spelling problems with both the given name and the byname. Harpy explains:

The basic, standard form of the name in Welsh is Cynwrig, with two syllables, but the consonant cluster -nwr- is relatively unstable when Anglicized and one of the directions it can resolve in is to add an epenthetic vowel, hence forms like Keneric, Kenewreik, Kenewreck as seen in Morgan & Morgan. I can't find any examples of the submitted spelling though. Note that Medieval Welsh spellings use initial "k" (as is usual before non-low, non-back vowels. (That is, words that in standard modern Welsh would be spelled with "c" used "k" in Medieval Welsh in contexts where medieval Latin would pronounce a "c" as [s]. This spelling rule avoided ambiguity in indicating the pronunciation.) As spelling became somewhat more regularlized towards the 15-16th century, then general use of "c" ousted the c/k alternation. Use of initial "k" is pretty much the rule in Anglicized forms (again, because English spelling rules would interpret C before Y as [s]). In the data I've seen, Welsh-language forms stick close to the -nwr- spelling, while the variants in the -ndr- and -ner- groups show up in Anglicized forms. All of this together makes the specific spelling "Cyneric" suspect enough to want to see an actual citation of this spelling.

A compound of "llwyd" (gray, brown) and "tir" (land) is quite consistent with known period Welsh place names. While the word-order llwyd+tir is opposite to standard noun-modifier order, it is not uncommon in place-names. Normally, in compounds with this "reverse" word order, the second element is lenited, however this particular example gets more complicated. But backing up for a moment, Examples of names with these elements in these positions include the following (from Charles The Place-Names of Pembrokeshire):

                Llwydarth, Llwydiarth (gray + ridge) -- p.414f, "Loydarth" 1326, "lloydarth" 1326

                Brithdir (speckled + land) -- p.163, "Brithdir" 1343

By the basic rules of compounding, you'd expect llwyd+tir to form a compound "Llwyd-dir" but here's where the complications come in because the combination "-d+d-" in Welsh undergoes a sound change called provection and instead results in "-t+t-", i.e. "Llwyttir". (See Evans A Grammar of Middle Welsh section 17.a.i.)

The following are the locative bynames in my database that include the Welsh preposition "o" (from):

                orhalt (o'r Allt - from the slope) - Merioneth LSR 1292

                or Clay (o'r Clai - from the clay) - Bromfield & Yale 1315

                or Dol (o'r Dol - from the meadow) - Merioneth LSR 1292

                or Glastir (o'r Glastir - from the blue/green land) - Merioneth LSR 1292

                Orglyn (o'r Glyn - from the valley) - Ardudwy court records 1325

                Orellyn (o'r Llyn - from the lake) - Merioneth LSR 1292

                or pant (o'r Pant - from the valley) - Merioneth LSR 1292

Note that although the general rule seems to be to use this construction only with simple, generic topographic terms, the single example of a compound term is of the form "color + tir" similarly to the submission. On the other hand, the construction universally includes not just the preposition "o" but also the definite article -- that is, it is still being treated as a generic term, not as a proper name. So these examples would support a byname of the form "or Llwyttir". It is also possible to find examples of the form "o + proper name" in genealogies and other situations where the status as a byname (as opposed to a description) is more ambiguous. E.g., from the Brut y Tywysogion "rys o deheubarth" (Rhys from Deheubarth), "trahayarn vychan o vrycheinyawc" (Trahaearn Fychan of Brycheiniog). So there is probably sufficient benefit of the doubt for registering the format "o + proper place name", although I'd consider it less solid. In this case, the place name following the preposition will lenite, thus "o Lwyttir". (While the proposition is sometimes run together with the following noun in Medieval Welsh orthography, I'd tend to advise against it for reasons of clarity except in cases where a high level of historic accuracy is desired.)

References

                Charles, B.G.. 1992. Place-Names of Pembrokeshire (2 vol.). National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. ISBN 0-907158-58-7

                Ellis, T.P. 1924. First Extent of Bromfield and Yale A.D. 1315. Hon. Soc. of Cymmrodorion, London.

                Evans, D. Simon. 1989. A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Dublin Inst for Adv St, Dublin.

                Jones, Thomas ed.. 1941. Brut y Tywysogyon (Peniarth Ms. 20). University of Wales Press, Cardiff.

Lewis, E.A. "The Proceedings of the Small Hundred Court of the Commote of Ardudwy in the County of Merioneth from 8 October, 1325 to 18 September 1326" in BBCS Vol.4 Part 2 (May 1928) p.153-166.

                Williams-Jones, Keith. 1976. Merioneth Lay Subsidy Roll 1292-3. University of Wales Press, Cardiff.

We have changed the name to Keneric Ollwyttir in order to register it.

Kolfinna of Bergen. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Olaf mj{o,}ksiglandi. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Olaf mjöksiglandi, the ö character in the byname is a modern typographical convention for an o-ogonek. For purposes of registration, the o-ogonek is transliterated {o,}. We have changed the name to Olaf mj{o,}ksiglandi to follow standard College of Arms transliteration for Old Norse names. Scribes, please note that this letter should be written like an o with a reversed comma attached to the bottom of the letter.

Robert of Bergen. Name and device. Per saltire purpure and sable, a wolf's head erased contourny argent and a bordure argent semy of card piques sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure wider, which will allow the card piques to also be drawn larger.

Romanus Rodrigo. Badge. (Fieldless) An octopus azure charged with a caltrap argent.

Shonna Dennyng. Name.

Shonna is the submitter's legal given name.

Timothy Blackwell. Name.

Nice late-16th C English name!

Viola verch Howell. Name.

Submitted as Viola verch Hwyl, the submitter claimed that the spelling Hwyl was found as a standard modern form in Heather Rose Jones's articles "Snapshot of a Cantref: The Names and Naming Practices in a Mawddwy Court Roll of 1415-16" (http://www.heatherrosejones.com/names/welsh/mawddwy1415.html) and "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th C Welsh Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html). An examination of these articles reveals this is not the case -- the standard modern spelling given for this name is Hywel. No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Hwyl is a reasonable spelling variant of the name Hywel or that it is an independent Welsh name. The submitter indicated that if the submitted spelling Hwyl was not registerable, she would accept either the 13th C form Howel or the 15th C Howell. Because the given name is documented to the 16th C, the 15th C form is a closer temporal match. We have changed the name to Viola verch Howell in order to register it.

The following submissions were returned by the College of Arms for further work, August 2007:

Adaliza Fitz Symmons. Device. Or, a tree eradicated and on a chief embattled vert, a sewing needle inverted and a rapier in saltire Or.

This is returned for a redraw due to multiple problems; it is likely that no single problem would have caused this to be returned but the combination of problems is sufficient to warrant a return. The tertiary charges are not centered on the chief, the non-symmetric embattlements on the chief make it appear to be slanted, and the use of two different long pointy objects in saltire causes their identity to be obscured. It is possible that, even correctly drawn, there will be enough confusion between the rapier and the sewing needle to cause a return.

Alexandra de la Mer Verte. Badge. Azure, on a pale between two swords inverted argent, three crosses bottony fitchy gules.

This badge is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel; the swords have been redrawn and the emblazon recolored. While some leeway with color is allowed due to scanning and monitor displays, the redrawn swords are sufficient cause for return. The recoloring is not at this time cause for return, but we recommend that this practice not be used. Black Stag has shown that, in period, a cross crosslet/bottony fitchy had a bottom limb significantly longer than the other three. Thus these do not need to be blazoned Latin.

Amalie Loreley. Name.

Submitted as Amalie Loreley, no documentation was submitted and none found to show that Loreley is a period name for the rock that marks the narrowest part of Rhine river between Switzerland and the North Sea. While this name is well known from legend, according to "Britannica Online" (search.eb.com), s.n. Lorelei, "The essentials of the legend were claimed as his invention by German writer Clemens Brentano in his novel Godwi (1800-02)." Although the submitter asserts that Loreley is a family name found in Seibicke, Volume 3, p. 91, the original passage is not included, the name of the cited work is not included with the documentation, nor were photocopies of the page included with the submission. Metron Ariston notes the following passage in Wilfried Seibicke, Historisches Deutsches Vornamenbuch I-IV: Loreley w, Name eines Schieferfelsens am rechten Rheinufer oberhalb von St. Goarshausen (Bedeutung etwa `Schieferfelsen, von dem man Ausschau hält'); [d]ie junge, erst von Clemens Brentano (Ballade von der Lore Lay) geschaffene und dann von Eichendorff, Heine u. a. gestaltete Sage von der Hexe oder Fee Loreley beruht auf einer romantischen Umdeutung des Namens in Anlehnung an den Frauennamen Lore," BERGER (s.u.) 172; auch ital. (DE FELICE 1992, 237f.) Bel.: Konstanz 1993 FVN, Ztg. BERGER, Dieter: "Geographische Namen in Deutschland", Mannheim u.a. 1993 (= Duden-Taschenbuch 25) (Loreley, w, Name of slate cliff on the right bank of the Rhine above St Goarshausen (meaning loosely 'a slate cliff from which one has a view') The young singer was first created by Clemens Brentano (ballad of the Lore Lay) and then von Eichendorf, and Heine formed a. Saga of the Witch or Fairy Loreley is based upon a romantic reinterpretation of the name modelled on the woman's name Lore, " BERGER (see below) 172; also ital. (DE FELICE 1992, 237f.) Bel.: Constance 1993 FVN, Ztg. BERGER, Dieter: " geographic names in Germany", Mannheim u.a. 1993

None of this shows that the name, as submitted, is known in our period. Barring documentation that Loreley is a spelling found in period as either a personal or a placename, it is not registerable.

If the submitter is interested in a locative based on this rock, we suggest Lurlenberg. A poem by the Minnesinger Conrad Marner written in the 13th C says "Der Nibelungen Hort liegt in dem Lurlenberg" (The Nibelung horde lies in the Lurlenberg). In the 1613, Marquard Freher, Origines Palatinae part II, uses the term Mons Lurlenberg in a section title. In resubmitting, we would suggest Amalie von dem Lurlenberg or Amalie die Lurlenbergerin.

Angus of the Blue Spruce Shire. Name and device. Or, two wooden tankards proper and a spruce tree couped, a bordure embattled azure.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Blue Spruce Shire is a reasonable English placename and, by extension, locative byname. While the submitter demonstrates that the word spruce, meaning the plant, comes from the Middle English pruce (a name for Prussia), no dates for the word spruce meaning the fir tree or plant are provided. The Oxford English Dictionary s.v. Spruce dates the first example of this usage in English to 1670, which is well past our gray period.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel; the bordure is significantly different.

Cera Aghafatten. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the placename Aghafatten was found in period. Mills, A Dictionary of British Placenames, s.n. Aghafatten, dates this name to 1780. As we know of no period spelling for this name, we are unable to register it.

We note that even had Aghafatten been found in period, it is likely that the name would be two steps from period practice. First, Aghafatten is an Anglicized spelling for a Gaelic placename; mixing Gaelic and Anglicized Gaelic in a single name is a step from period practice. Second, the given name is Middle Irish, whose orthography is not typically found later than 1200. Given this, there is likely to be more than 300 years between the latest possible date for Cera and the earliest date for Aghafatten. If the submitter is interested in an Old Irish name, we suggest selecting a patronymic byname. This type of byname is the most common type used in Ireland.

Charles the Bear. Household name Casa Libre and badge. Or, a chain fesswise throughout and fracted sable.

This name has two returnable problems. First, it is an aural conflict with Liber Herald, registered to the Outlands in January 2003. For non-personal names, the designators do not count for difference for purposes of conflict. Second, no documentation was submitted and none provided by the commenters that this name follows patterns for organized groups of people in Spanish speaking cultures during our period. It is necessary to document a household naming pattern to a culture that uses the language in which the name is submitted. This badge is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel. We note that the links are so close, and so evenly aligned, as to make it impossible to tell that this is a chain and not a complex fess. We recommend that some of the links be drawn more edge-on (which is how they are drawn in the Pictorial Dictionary) would make the chain more identifiable.

Henry Erwaker. Device. Vert, a winged sword all inverted and a bordure embattled Or.

This device is returned for a redraw of the wings. The wings in this emblazon issue from the pommel, not the expected quillons (or the blade near the hilt). In addition, the wings appear more wreath-like than wing-like.

Keneric Ollwyttir. Device. Per pale argent and counter-ermine, a ferret rampant gules.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel. We recommend using the ferret depicted in the OSCAR emblazon on resubmission; its tail is much better drawn than on the emblazon sent to Laurel.

Kolfinna of Bergen. Device. Purpure, three horses passant conjoined in annulo and a bordure argent.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel; the bordure is significantly wider in OSCAR. The LoI noted "The same orientation of the horses is seen in the armory of Lí Ban ingen Echtigeirn, registered in October 2000, Argent, three horses passant in annulo sable." This is not the case; the orientation of the horses is different and, more importantly, Lí Ban's horses are not conjoined as are the horses in the submitted emblazon.

Nakada Tadamitsu. Device. Per pale sable and gules, on a pile inverted argent the I Ching symbol "jiji" gules.

This device is returned for using an I Ching symbol; these symbols do not appear to have been known to Europeans in period and thus are not registerable. This device is also returned for conflict with the device of Edwin FitzLloyd, Ermine, chaussé raguly vert, a tower gules, and with the badge for the Shire of the Isles, Barry wavy argent and azure, a tower gules. In both cases there is a CD for changes to the field when treating the submitted device as having the field Per chevron per pale sable and gules and argent. The I Ching symbol jiji, as emblazoned here, appears to be a tower gules masoned argent. On a stonework edifice, such as a tower, masoning does not contribute to difference. Thus there is no difference in the primary charges and the submitted device conflicts with Edwin's device and Isles' badge. The submitted device does not violate the ban on using armory that consists solely of an abstract field. For conflict purposes, a field with a pile inverted must also be treated as a per chevron field. However, it is possible to blazon your way out of a style problem, and when considered as a charged pile the I Ching symbol is a tertiary charge (not a sole primary charge).

Olaf mj{o,}ksiglandi. Device. Purpure, a dragon with the head and forequarters of an eagle statant erect maintaining in its foreclaws a claw-headed staff, a bordure engrailed Or.

This device must be returned for lack of identifiability. Blazoned on the LoI as a dragon with the head and forequarters of an eagle, none of the remaining dragon anatomy (except the bat-wings, which are more or less generic) allows identification as a dragon. We know of no period dragon with a tail spiked like a stegosaurus, nor with hindlegs of this shape. If the monster, or its parts, cannot be identified, it cannot be registered. If this were resubmitted with the hindquarters of a period dragon, it might be acceptable; should the submitter decide to do this, please ask him to render the posture more heraldically (i.e. with the tail not sticking straight out behind the monster).

The following submissions were registered by the College of Arms, September 2007:

Ancarat merch Ouein. Name change from holding name Angharad of Tir Ysgithr.

Submitted as Angharad Ewan, the submitter requested an authentic 10th C name. As submitted, the name combines Welsh and Scots. While there are Welsh equivalents of the name Ewan, we know of no Scots equivalents for Angharad. To make this name authentic, then, it needs to be a fully Welsh form. Harpy notes the spelling acgarat in a 10th C charter from the Book of Llandav, and a Latin genitive form hancarate in the Book of Chad dated between the 8th and 10th C. From this, she derives a likely nominative ancarat. On the byname, she notes:

The Book of Llandav provides a nice selection, showing the range of spelling variation that the name enjoyed at the time. The following are examples from 8-11th c. charters in this collection:

                Euguen (p.205) 708                                                Yuein (p.236) 885

                Eugein (p.223) 940                                                 Iguein (p.241) 970

                Ouein (pp.246, 252) 1005-1020                             Huweyn (p.248) 1020

At least in these examples, there seems to be a clear shift in spelling ca. 1000 with earlier "-g(u)-" giving way to later "-u/w-". The pre-1000 spellings also have a strong concensus on ending in "-ein". There's less concensus on the opening, with "Eu-" being the only repeated spelling, however it is also the spelling that best reflects the name's linguistic derivation, which may be a reason for moving it to the top of the recommendations. Focusing specifically on the 10th century charters, then we can suggest "Eugein" as preferred, but "Iguein" as also attested. The 10th c. Harleian MS 3859 (as published in Bartrum EWGT), on the other hand, uses "Eugein" for names of mentioned individuals who lived prior to the 8th century, but uses "Ouein" or "Ouen" for individuals dating more closely to the 10th century composition date. So the recommendation can be revised further to offering either a slightly more archaic "Eugein" or a slightly more innovative "Ouein" (with other less prototypical spellings also occurring).

In addition, we have no examples of unmarked patronymics in 10th C Welsh names, so a patronymic marker needs to be added here. We have changed the name to Ancarat merch Ouein to fulfill her request for an authentic 10th C name. This was originally pended on the February 2007 LoAR; at that time, her device was registered under the holding name Angharad of Tir Ysgithr.

Bellina Morgan. Name and device. Sable, on a bend cotised between two death's heads argent, a rose proper, slipped and leaved vert.

Submitted as Bellana Morgan, the given name was a proposed variant of the Italian name Bellina. Bellina is found in Arval Benicoeur, "Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/). No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the submitted form is a reasonable spelling variant of the documented name. We have changed the name to Bellina Morgan to match the documentation. This name mixes Italian and English; this is one step from period practice. The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Merrick Dowling, Sable, a bend cotised between two death's heads argent.

We note that the emblazon in OSCAR appears somewhat different than the emblazon sent to Laurel. Comparing the outlines, this difference appears to be due to computer coloring the emblazon rather than scanning the emblazon. At this time we are not generally returning armory for such coloring mismatches, but it may be grounds for return on a case by case basis. We also note that Laurel policy may change in the future to make such recolorings returnable. We strongly urge submission heralds to simply scan a color copy of the emblazon and use that in OSCAR.

Bláth inghean Uí Laoghaire. Name.

Çynara del Mar. Name change from holding name Çynara of Twin Moons.

Daibhídh mac Dubhghaill of Glasgow. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, a tower and in chief two roundels, all counterchanged.

This name mixes Gaelic and Scots; this is one step from period practice.

Merrick Dowling. Heraldic will.

Steven of Shadowkeep. Reblazon of device. Vert, a bald eagle striking contourny proper fimbriated, in chief a sun in glory Or.

Originally registered in April 1973 with the blazon Vert, a bald eagle [Haliaetus leucocephalus] attacking to the sinister proper, fimbriated Or, in chief a sun in glory, the tincture of the sun was not clear. As attacking is not a defined heraldic posture, the eagle's posture has been reblazoned. In accordance with current SCA blazon practice, we have dropped the Linnaean specification.

Thomas DeGuy Bassard. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a vulture close sable perched atop a covered tankard azure charged with a compass star of sixteen points argent.

Viola verch Howell. Device. Per fess purpure and argent, a rabbit courant contourny ermine and a dandelion plant vert, blossomed Or.

William Malcolmesson of Berwickshire. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The following submissions were returned for further work, September 2007:

Aurelia Chrysanthina Dalassene. Device change. Per chevron argent and purpure, two roses purpure, barbed and seeded proper, and a dromon contourny argent, a bordure sable semy of Maltese crosses argent.

This device is returned as no documentation was sent to Laurel for a dromon, though such documentation was mentioned in the LoI. The ship in the emblazon does not match either of the pictures on the cited web pages; the ship is supposed to have two sails and a catapult - not the three sails most of the commenters saw. As Metron Ariston noted "... it is not clear to me from the provided documentation that there is a clearly definable and reproducible form of dromon and that this particular depiction matches that, if there is. For one thing, at least in the later Byzantine period when the multiple masts such as those seen here became common, lateen sails also became common and the main sail here appears to be a more standard sail than that seen in the reproduction of a depiction from circa 850 at www.grinda.navy.ru/sailship/ship/dromone.htm."

Please advise the submitter that the complexity count of nine (five tinctures - argent, purpure, vert, Or, and sable - and four types charges - roses, dromon, bordure, and Maltese crosses) is potentially cause for return by itself. On resubmission we recommend that she reduce the complexity count to eight or lower.

Julianna Wilkins. Device. Argent, a tree eradicated proper, in chief an owl striking affronty gules, all within a bordure per saltire vert and purpure.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel: the owl's legs are drawn significantly different in the two emblazons. This device is also returned for having a bird striking affronty, a posture that is not allowed. We have no examples of this posture in period heraldry and it is inherently three-dimensional in nature. In this emblazon, the feet are not on either side of the body (as for displayed), but under the tail, which is spread. The body is foreshortened and the wings curved to "catch" the air. This is not displayed; it is striking affronty, and must therefore be returned for redraw. Please advise the submitter that a bird displayed, other than an eagle, is a step from period practice. Blazoned on the LoI as a linden tree, it does not appear to be a heraldic linden tree: a heraldic linden tree has heart-shaped leaves. Blazoned on the LoI as two primary charges, this is actually a primary charge and a secondary charge: the tree is the sole primary charge as it crosses the center line of the shield.

William Malcolmesson of Berwickshire. Device. Sable, in pale a unicorn's head contourny couped argent and a shackle, its chain to dexter and broken, Or.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel: the unicorn's head has been moved.

If this device had not been returned for administrative reasons, it would have been returned for conflict with the badge of Kathryn Fitzroy of Bath, Sable, a unicorn's head couped reversed argent, entwined about the alicorne a serpent, head to sinister, gules. There is a CD for adding the shackle, but nothing for removing the serpent, which is equivalent to a maintained charge. The lower charge was blazoned on the LoI simply as a collar, which by default implies a horse's collar. We have blazoned it as a shackle to ensure its reproducibility. Please advise the submitter not to use orange (or at least not so much) for shading. While shading is generally acceptable and assists in recognition of the charge, the shading used here has too much orange in it to be registered.

Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy

c/o Linda Miku

2527 East 3^rd Street

Tucson AZ 85716

brickbat@nexiliscom.com

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